Improvement in steam-boilers and furnaces



2Sheets-Sheet 1. O. W. REED; Steam Boilers and Furnaces.

No. 209,514. PtentedO ct. 29, 1878.

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I I Jiii02'ney MFETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON. D C.

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0. W. REED. Steam Boilers and Furnaces.

'No".;%2 09,5t-4. 1 y Patented 001.29, 1878.

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OULLIN w. REED, or OHAGRIN FALLS, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-BOILERS AND FURNACES.'

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 209,514, dated October29, 1878 application filed September 25, 1878.

minous varieties of coal when such are employed as fuel; to secure aperfect and thorough circulation of the water, and prevent thedeposition of sediment within the tubes and other portions of the boilerwhich are subjected to the direct action of the heat from the furnace,whereby the overheating of such parts is prevented and to collect thesediment that may be deposited in the cooler part of the boiler, fromwhence it may be readily removed.

My invention consists in the combination,

with a horizontal boiler having a horizontal flue, through which extenda series of vertical flues, of a furnace provided with a vertical grateand a magazine located in the upper part, the lower part of saidmagazinebeing perforated and surrounded by an annular airtubecommunicating with the open air, the upper part of the magazine beingprovided with a series of air-tubes extending from the top of saidmagazine to the perforated portion, the vertical grate, air-tube, andthe tubes and perforations in the magazine all operating in conjunctionto supply a large amount of air to the combustion-chamber, in order toconsume the tar and gases generated in the lower part of the magazine,whereby the magazine is prevented from becoming clogged and an intenseheat is produced.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section ofmy improved boiler; Fig. 2, a horizontal section of the same. Fig. 3represents a top view of the fire-box with the top and magazine removed.Fig. 4 represents a detached perspective view of the magazine; Fig. 5, adetached perspective view of the vertical portion of the grate.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the annular perforated tube for applying air tothe combustion flue or chamber. Fig. 7 is a frontview of the boiler andfurnace.

The letter A represents a cylindrical shell or outer casin g of ahorizontal boiler, and B a rectangular flue, extending from end to endthereof, and united at the heads of the same. Said flue is of such sizeas to leave a continuous water-space around it, and is stay-bolted tothe boiler, in order to hold said flue firmly in position. through it,are set a series of water-tubes or small flues, O, which connect theupper and lower portions. of the water space. These tubes are shoulderednear their ends, and are calkedon the water-surface of the flue-sheets,

instead of on the fire-surface of the same, whereby all liability of theends of said tubes to be burned out is entirely obviated. The tubes arearranged in transverse parallel rows, those of each row standingopposite the spaces between the tubes of the rows on each side of it,whereby the products of combustion are compelled to take a zigzag coursethrough the rectangular fine and around the tubes, by means of which theheat is eifectually absorbed and thoroughly utilized.

The letter E represents the furnace, which is located at the forward endof the boiler.

Said furnace is formed in three sections, the

upper section forming a receptacle for a magazine, the intermediatesection a combustion fine or chamber, and the lower section forming thefire-box of the furnace. In the upper section is located a magazine, G,consisting of an inverted irustum-shaped shell, having a shortcylindrical downward extension, 9, at its lower end. The lower partofsaid section and the cylindrical extension are preferably perforated, asshown, in order to permit the tar and gases generated from the heatedcoil to escape into the combustion-chamber and be consumed. Theperforations, however, may

Within the flue, and extending nular pipe, perforated on the lower side,located within the combustion-chamber, and surrounding the lower part ofthe magazine, its ends communicating with the open air, whereby acurrent of air is admitted into the combustionchamber, to facilitate thecombustion of the gases therein. The letter I represents the firebox,which may be of any desired shape, in the present instance beingcylindrical, which is the most convenient form. Within said fire-chamberis located a vertical grate, or series of grate-bars along the sides ofthe firebox, said grate being of a configuration to correspond with thefire-box. In the present instance the said grate is cylindrical inshape, and is made in two sections for convenience of insertion andremoval. The top of the grate is constructed with an annular flange,which rests upon the upper edge of the firebox and holds it in place;

The letter L represents the grate, pivoted at the lower part of thefire-box in such manner that it can bereadily and conveniently dumped.

The operation of my invention is as follows: The fire is started in thefurnace and the magazine properly filled with coal at the top. The air,entering from below the furnace, passes up through the conical grateinto the center of the fuel, and at the same time up between thevertical grate-bars, insuring perfect combustion of the fuel, andpreventing the same from coming into actual contact with the walls ofthe fire-box, whereby all liability of injury to the same by the intenseheat of the burning fuel is obviated. The flames and products ofcombustion pass upward into the combustion or flue chamber, where theyare met by the tarry matter and gases escaping from the magazine, and bythe current of air from the annular pipe in the combustion chamber.These tarry matters and gases are ignited, and the combined products ofthe combustion of these and the burning fuel in the fire-box pass intothe rectangular flue, where they are compelled to circulate thoroughlybetween and around the short pipes, by means of which the heat isthoroughly absorbed on the passage of the heated products to thesmoke-stack.

The vertical grate, the annular tube, and the perforated magazine, withthe air-tubes in its upper part extending downward to the perforatedpart of the magazine, all operate to supply a large amount of air to thecombustion-chamber, which is necessary, when burning bituminous coal, toconsume the tarry matter and gases generated in the magazine, and which,if not consumed, would clog the magazine, and would cause deposits inthe flues, and entail the loss of valuable combustible material.

It will be seen that as thus constructed the boiler has the combinedadvantages of a horizontal and vertical boiler, inasmuch as the tubes orfines in the horizontal flue provide for direct upward currents of waterin the same manner as in a vertical boiler, which is the most effectivearrangement, as the circulation of the water is much more rapid in suchthan where it has to circulate through horizontal tubes. As the furnaceis entirely surrounded by water, it will be evident that no heat can belost by reduction.

The furnace is adapted to the use of any variety of coals, bituminous aswell as anthracite, as the tarry matters and gases are burned off in themagazine, coking the coal as it reaches the lower part of the same, inwhich condition it readily feeds downwardly into the fire-pot.

The perpendicular wedge-like space around the upper part of the magazineis a hot-air space, which assists to heat the coal when first put intothe magazine, and also aids in keeping the steam in the steam-spaceheated.

By reason of the large number of watertubes, the water is divided intonumerous small columns, whereby the steam is much more rapidly generatedthan in boilers of ordinary construction, averaging only about thirtyminutes to sixty pounds pressure from cold water, and as the main bodyof the water is at the bottom of the boiler, where it is least agitated,all sediment settles there, entirely away from the firesurface,rendering it less likely to burn the boiler by reason of the collectionof suchsediment, thereby obviating the most serious danger attendantupon the use of steam-boilers; and by means of suitable man-holes at thetop and bottom,- with ample room to work above and below the rectangularflue, provision is made for readily cleaning and repairing the boiler. I

All cold drafts at the time of charging the furnace, which are mostobjectionable in the ordinary furnaces, are wholly done away with, asthere are no doors leading directly into the combustion-chamber orfire-box, the coal being charged into the magazines. Consequently thefires are never deadened or the heatingsurfaces cooled, as in otherboilers.

It requires little attention, and combines simplicity, strength,durability, safety, adaptability, and economy; does not exceed in costthe fire-box tubular boiler, and is adapted to locomotive, marine, orstationary work, as well as general heating purposes.

What I claim is In combination with a boiler having a horizontal flue, afurnace having a vertical grate in order to prevent cloggin g andintensify the heat, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set mv hand inthe presence of the subscribing Witnesses.

OULLIN W. REED.

Witnesses: u

.A. G. BARBER,

S. L. WILKINSON.

